Household Transmission of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, San Antonio, Texas, USA, April–May 2009
نویسندگان
چکیده
To assess household transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in San Antonio, Texas, USA, during April 15-May 8, 2009, we investigated 77 households. The index case-patient was defined as the household member with the earliest onset date of symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), influenza-like illness (ILI), or laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Median interval between illness onset in index and secondary case-patients was 4 days (range 1-9 days); the index case-patient was likely to be < or =18 years of age (p = 0.034). The secondary attack rate was 4% for pandemic (H1N1) 2009, 9% for ILI, and 13% for ARI. The secondary attack rate was highest for children <5 years of age (8%-19%) and lowest for adults > or =50 years of age (4%-12%). Early in the outbreak, household transmission primarily occurred from children to other household members and was lower than the transmission rate for seasonal influenza.
منابع مشابه
DC-DC CONVERTER WITH FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS ON MOBILE ROBOTS
Emerging technologies increase the needs on self efficient mobile robotic applications that bring a new concern of sustainable and continuous power supply for the robotic platforms. This paper covers the various techniques and technologies used to design a solar powered robot, exploring the currently available products, software and limitations to this application. The main aim is to integrate ...
متن کاملNeurologic Manifestations of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infection
To the Editor: In April 2009, the outbreak of influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was reported. Subsequently, the disease spread throughout the world, and the pandemic alert level was raised to level 6 in June by the World Health Organization. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection spread to Thailand and is now found throughout Thailand. Similar to the effects of other viruses, pandemic (H1N1)...
متن کاملPandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus outbreak in a school in London, April-May 2009: an observational study.
On 29 April 2009, an imported case of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection was detected in a London school. As further cases, pupils and staff members were identified, school closure and mass prophylaxis were implemented. An observational descriptive study was conducted to provide an insight into the clinical presentation and transmission dynamics in this setting. Between 15 April and 15 May 20...
متن کاملHousehold transmission of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus after a school-based outbreak in New York City, April-May 2009.
In April 2009, an outbreak due to infection with the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1) was investigated in a New York City high school. We surveyed household contacts of ill students to characterize the extent of transmission within households, identify contact groups at highest risk for illness, and assess the potential for preventing household transmission. Influenza-like illness...
متن کاملHousehold Transmission of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, Taiwan
During August-November 2009, to investigate disease transmission within households in Taiwan, we recruited 87 pandemic (H1N1) 2009 patients and their household members. Overall, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was transmitted to 60 (27%) of 223 household contacts. Transmission was 4× higher to children than to adults (61% vs. 15%; p<0.001).
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 16 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2010